Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity may be treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). One advantage of Semaglutide (GLP-1) for sale, the first GLP-1 RA accessible in an oral formulation for T2D treatment, is that it has a more substantial effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) lowering than other GLP-1 RAs. Intriguingly, semaglutide is designated to revolutionize the approach to obesity treatment in subjects not afflicted by diabetes. Its exceptional benefits on weight loss are more significant than other GLP-1 RAs and very near to bariatric surgery. This molecule is an ideal candidate for the treatment of “diabesity” (coexistence of both diabetes and obesity) and its co-morbidity due to its positive effects on cardiovascular (CV), renal, and liver protection, comparable to those of other GLP-1 RAs.
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Introduction
If you have T2D, you’ll need a wide range of medications with varying mechanisms of action to keep your blood sugar levels in check and minimize long-term consequences.
A first-line medicine in the current multifactor approach to T2D, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) aims to enhance glucose management while reducing the dysmetabolic load on target organs. By controlling insulin and glucagon release in a glucose-dependent manner, GLP-1 RAs lower blood sugar levels while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. They promote weight reduction by inducing satiety via central pathways. Improved cholesterol and blood pressure and decreased cardiovascular (CV), kidney, and liver damage are further benefits. A small percentage of subjects will have the most frequent adverse effects, which involve the digestive system (nausea and vomiting). These side effects, however, are often well-tolerated and temporary.
It has been the most recent GLP-1 RA licensed for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). One of the first oral GLP-1 RAs, Semaglutide, is a good alternative for patients who are less tolerant to injections since it may be taken once daily or once weekly, according to their preference.
Glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure management
Beyond insulin’s well-documented ability to lower glycated hemoglobin levels, the most efficient class of diabetic medications is GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) (HbA1c). Long-acting formulations have a more significant effect than short-acting formulations, and this effect is more pronounced in comparative studies with injectable semaglutide at a dosage of 1 mg once weekly, which lowers HbA1c by 1.8% compared to 1.2%–1.4% of other injectable long-acting GLP-1 RAs and 1.1% of oral semaglutide.
As a result of improved lipid profile and blood pressure, GLP-1 RAs reduce cardiovascular risk. One milligram of semaglutide 1 mg significantly reduced total fasting cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and quite reduced density lipoprotein (VLDL), as well as postprandial triglycerides, VLDL, and apoprotein B-48 (Apob-48) in 30 obese subjects who were not affected by T2D after 12 weeks of treatment. Later, researchers found that oral semaglutide (14 mg/day) had a comparable effect on improving the lipid profile in 15 T2D patients. The delayed stomach emptying caused by GLP-1 RAs may explain the influence on lipid metabolism, which is greatest at postprandial lipid levels.
The impact of metabolic liver disease on health
It is typical for subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity to develop metabolic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Multiple factors are at play, and they all have a role in developing these illnesses. Adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, impairment of gut microbiome and cytokines profile, determination of lipotoxic and metabolic liver burden, hepatocyte injury, fibrosis, and cirrhosis are all complicated and not fully understood interactions between “diabesity” and liver disease, particularly NAFLD and NASH.
